1960

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**__The Civil Rights Movement:__** This movement was started by Martin Luther King & Stokely Carmichael. They were joined by whites & some Jews. Malcolm X encouraged this idea about the Black Nationalism. After his assassination, the Black Panthers were stared to continue what they started & also the term ‘Black’ became more used, replacing the word “Negroes”. =====  The birth control was now available & it was commonly used. Also, abortion was legal in Colorado. Then shortly after in the same year artificial insemination & abortion became legal in some states. The use of Marijuana SOARED! Encouragement was given to take LSD as a mind-opening drug. The hippie movement endorsed drug, rock music, mystic religions & sexual freedom. At the Woodstock Festival 400.00 young people gathered in a spirit of love & sharing, they were representing the hippie movement, the highly disagreed with violence. 
 * __Birth control:__ **
 * __ Marijuana & the hippie movement: __**



http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade60.html

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 * ^^Cassandra Fistler**

__**Television in the 1960's**__ Tv shows during the 1960s showed good ideas of family values. People would gather in front of the set as a family while eating TV dinners. It was clean and safe to watch for all. Tv was just starting to become an essential item in many households. Ten years earlier, a tv in a home was a huge purchase, a family would consider themselves lucky to have one. During the 1960's, the prices of tv's were starting to lower so everyone could afford to buy one. Even tho many people had tv's most wuoldn't sit and watch it for more then a couple of hours. If you did you were seen as unintelligent. It was Taboo to admit that you were a television addict.Many people didn't watch tv because they thought it was unbelievable and fake because it didn't show what really happens in the real world. One event many people watched was the moon landing in 1969.

There were many popular tv shows like The Munsters, The Twilight Zone, I Dream of Jeannie, Hogan's Heros, Gunsmoke, Green Acres, Gilligans Island, Bewitched, and The Adams Family. I very popular tv show was Flipper.This was a show about a wild life ranger, Porter Ricks, his two sons, Sandy and Bud, and a dolphin named flipper. The shows is about all of the adventures they have together. The first Telecast of the show was on September 19, 1964. The last was September 1, 1968. There was 88 episodes and three seasons. -Jenna Hindall

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=Music in the 1960's -Kory Hunter= ==== ==Most of the 1960's music was inspired by the psychedelic movement. Bands like The Doors, The Beatles, and Jimi Hendrix wrote music about acid trips and other drug experiences. One of the prime music events of the 60's was a three day concert called Woodstock. The most renowned Woodstock was the Woodstock of 1969, where many major bands performedfor a massive audience.==

The Band
**Inventions of the 1960’s**

In 1963, Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse. He never received any royalties for this invention.

Astroturf was invented in 1964 by James M. Faria and Robert T. It was patented in 1967 and originally sold under the name “chemgrass”.

The game twister was invented in 1966. Charles F. Foley and Neil Rabens invented this game that caused much controversy.

In 1969, air-hockey was invented by Phil Crossman and Bob Kenrick. It took several years for this game to get “off the ground” and become popular.

The laser was invented in 1960 by Theodore H. Haimen. Haimen used a synthetic ruby to produce the light.

In 1962, space observatories were invented. The Ball Brothers Aerospace Corporation invented these.

Ralph H. Baer invented video game consoles in 1968. Baer was a German-born American inventor.

The first computer game was invented in 1962. Steve Russell led a team that created the game in 200 hours.

In 1967 the first hand held calculator was invented by texas instruments. They first sold for $2,500.

Barrel of monkeys was invented in 1965 by Lakeside toys. It was originally going to be named “Barrel of Fun”. Sites Katie Grove
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The Cairo Tower was built from 1956 to 1961. The Cairo Tower is located in Cairo Egypt. It was built to convince the world that the nation had the ability to construct the Aswan Dam.  []

 Tour Telus is an office building in Montreal. It was built from 1960-62. It was built for Canadian Industries Limited. It was designed by Gordon Bunshaft. It has a crow’s nest platform that is 96 meters above ground.  []



The Euromast is a tower in Rotterdam, built between 1958-1960.It was designed by H.A. Maaskant. It is a concrete building that has an internal diameter of 9 meters (30 ft) and a wall thickness of 30 centimeters (1 ft).  []  The Orange County Government Center is located in Goshen, New York. It was built in 1967 and designed in 1963. It houses most county officials' offices and meetings of the county legislature. The records of Orange County Court and all [|deeds] and [|mortgages] filed in the county are kept there as well.  []



 Cobo Hall, officially Cobo Conference/Exhibition Center , is a [|convention center] situated along Jefferson Ave. in downtown [|Detroit] , [|Michigan] , [|USA] .It was built in the late 1950’5 but opened in 1960.It holds an auto show each year. It was designed by [|Gino Rossetti]. <span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;"> [] Katie Grove

**__ Fashion of the 1960’s by: Adam Glenn __**

In the early sixties, pleated skirts set on a hip yoke Basque were worn with short sleeved over blouses which were cut not unlike the shell tops of today. Straight skirts had front and back inverted pleats called kick pleats and were ideal for doing the twist dance craze as they allowed the knee to move freely. Straight sweater dresses in lambs wool or the synthetic acrylic variety called Orlon were worn belted with waists nipped in became fashionable. Pencil skirts were still worn with sweaters or even back to front cardigans that had been pressed super flat. Before the days of tumble driers many women lay their washed rung out knitwear in paper tissue and then brown paper. They put it to dry under a carpet for two days. When it was removed from the tissue, the footsteps that had pounded over the knit gave it a flat dry cleaned as new appearance. Laundering of delicates could still be a problem, but everything changed when mass produced synthetic garments arrived. When tights were first introduced in the 1960s it liberated women from [|girdles], roll-ons and [|suspender belts]. It's difficult to know which came first the skirt or the tights, but the introduction of [|seamless stockings] had started the tights revolution. What is certain it is unlikely the one could have existed without the other as no groomed young lady ever went out bare legged then. A pair of Wolsey tights cost about £1 in 1965 and with careful daily washing they could be made to last a month. Obviously planned obsolescence has been introduced since then for all brands, as most of us now find it difficult to make them last for more than a day or two's wear. Tights in the late 60s were often patterned with arrangements of diamonds or other motifs and a favorite color of the era was a golden brown called American Tan. Fishnet tights were also popular briefly. Lurex glitter tights in gold or silver were a hit for the Christmas period. Lower kitten heels were a dainty alternative to stilettos Pointed toes gave way to chisel shaped toes in 1961 and to an almond toe in 1963. Flat boots also became popular with very short dresses in 1965 and eventually they rose up the leg and reached the knee. A cult for Dr. Scholl clog sandals worn in offices and outdoors was all the rage in the mid to late sixties in the same way that Birkenstocks were popular in the 1990s. The mini dominated fashion and women sometimes needed a practical alternative smarter than jeans that could be worn day or evening. Quite formal trousers worn with a tunic, shirt, skinny rib or matching suit jacket were acceptable in certain work situations and liked as alternative evening wear when made from slinkier materials. Trousers were made from Cortile jersey, cotton velvet, silky or bulked textured Crimple, lace with satin, and Puce style printed Trice. Hipster versions were popular and very flared versions developed by the late sixties, with every style ultimately translating into denim jeans. Its worth noting that the hipsters of the 60s were not quite as low cut along the pelvic line as low rise jeans of 2005. Outdoor looks were achieved by using fabrics like wool, Terylene or cotton gabardine, corduroy, leather, suede or mock suede fabrics made up as car coats. Also cheaper alternatives such as padded nylon diamond quilted anoraks or cotton anoraks with toggles and Austrian peasant embroidered braids were quite common.



**__ Political People: 1960’s __**
 * __ By, __**
 * __ Zach Podbielniak __**

**__ Fidel Castro __** Born Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz on August 13, 1926. Fidel was the third of six children. Educated in private Jesuit boarding schools, Castro grew up under very wealthy circumstances. Educated in private Jesuit boarding schools, Castro grew up in wealthy circumstances amid the poverty of Cuba's people. He was intellectually gifted but more interested in sports than studies. He attended El Colegio de Belen and pitched for the school's baseball team. After his graduation in late 1945, Castro entered law school at the University of Havana and became immersed in the political climate of Cuban nationalism, anti-imperialism, and socialism. In 1947, Castro became increasingly passionate about social justice. He traveled to the Dominican Republic to join an expedition attempting the overthrow of the dictator Rafael Trujillo. The coup failed before it got started, but the incident didn't dampen Castro's passion for reform. __**Martin Luther King Jr. **__ __** (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) **__ Born Michael Luther King, Jr., but later had his name changed to Martin. His grandfather began the family's long tenure as pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; his father has served from then until the present, and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co-pastor. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receiving the degree in 1955. In Boston he met and married Coretta Scott, a young woman of uncommon intellectual and artistic attainments. Two sons and two daughters were born into the family.

At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize. When notified of his selection, he announced that he would turn over the prize money of $54,123 to the furtherance of the civil rights movement.

On the evening of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated.

**__ JFK __** On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassin's bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the youngest man elected President; he was the youngest to die. Of Irish descent, he was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. Graduating from Harvard in 1940, he entered the Navy. In 1943, when his PT boat was rammed and sunk by a Japanese destroyer, Kennedy, despite grave injuries, led the survivors through perilous waters to safety. Back from the war, he became a Democratic Congressman from the Boston area, advancing in 1953 to the Senate. He married Jacqueline Bouvier on September 12, 1953. In 1955, while recuperating from a back operation, he wrote Profiles in Courage, which won the Pulitzer Prize in history. In 1956 Kennedy almost gained the Democratic nomination for Vice President, and four years later was a first-ballot nominee for President. Millions watched his television debates with the Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon. Winning by a narrow margin in the popular vote, Kennedy became the first Roman Catholic President. His Inaugural Address offered the memorable injunction: "Ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country." As President, he set out to redeem his campaign pledge to get America moving again. His economic programs launched the country on its longest sustained expansion since World War II; before his death, he laid plans for a massive assault on persisting pockets of privation and poverty. Responding to ever more urgent demands, he took vigorous action in the cause of equal rights, calling for new civil rights legislation. His vision of America extended to the quality of the national culture and the central role of the arts in a vital society. He wished America to resume its old mission as the first nation dedicated to the revolution of human rights. With the Alliance for Progress and the Peace Corps, he brought American idealism to the aid of developing nations. But the hard reality of the Communist challenge remained. Shortly after his inauguration, Kennedy permitted a band of Cuban exiles, already armed and trained, to invade their homeland. The attempt to overthrow the regime of Fidel Castro was a failure. Soon thereafter, the Soviet Union renewed its campaign against West Berlin. Kennedy replied by reinforcing the Berlin garrison and increasing the Nation's military strength, including new efforts in outer space. Confronted by this reaction, Moscow, after the erection of the Berlin Wall, relaxed its pressure in central Europe. Instead, the Russians now sought to install nuclear missiles in Cuba. When this was discovered by air reconnaissance in October 1962, Kennedy imposed a quarantine on all offensive weapons bound for Cuba. While the world trembled on the brink of nuclear war, the Russians backed down and agreed to take the missiles away. The American response to the Cuban crisis evidently persuaded Moscow of the futility of nuclear blackmail. Kennedy now contended that both sides had a vital interest in stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and slowing the arms race--a contention which led to the test ban treaty of 1963. The months after the Cuban crisis showed significant progress toward his goal of "a world of law and free choice, banishing the world of war and coercion." His administration thus saw the beginning of new hope for both the equal rights of Americans and the peace of the world.