1930

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1930 =The Great Depression=

The Great Depression was a huge political event to of the 1930’s. The Great Depression was the worst slump in American economics. The Great Depression started in the year 1929 and lasted for almost an entire decade. The Great Depression effected North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas. The Great Depression was caused by an unequal distribution of wealth throughout the United States. The United States was trying to gain back the money lost in World War I, and then World War II began the United States decided to stay out of it until something happened to affect them. At the attack of Pearl Harbor the United States of America joined in World War II on the Allies side, even in their horrible economic slump. The stocks all crashed and that led to all money being lost. The fall of the stock market continued from 1929-1932. 11,000 of the 25,000 banks failed in the U.S. Jobs were being lost and up to 15 million people were out of work. About 25-30% of the work force was unemployed. The Depression hit the hardest to the nations that were in some extreme debt to the United States. The Great Depression was the longest and most severe economic problem ever recorded in United States history. This slump led to the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt changed the structure of the United States economy. In 1939 there was only 15% of the work force unemployed. Thanks to Roosevelts help with the economy. Once the United States joined World War II, the demand for work was higher. Unemployment continued to decrease throughout the 1940's. The Depression ended soon after the United States joined World War II, because the need for work was so high. People started making more money, which lead to the end of the Depression. [] []

By: Megan Brown

In the 1930s, television wasn't the same as it is now. The first "star" was Felix the Cat, he became the first star when he appeared in stature form on an experimental program on NBC. The figure whirled on a turntable before the camera's eyes. One Tuesday night in July, CBS opened the first nation regular schedule of television broadcasting. New York mayor, Jimmy walker, celebrated at this telelcost. By evenings end, George Gershwin performed "Lisa," the Bowell Sisters had sung "Heebie-Jeebie Blues," and Kate Smith shouted out "When the Moon Comes Over the Mountain."

Some popular actresses/actors in the 1930s were, Lois Wilson(appearing in many motion pictures), Magda Shneider(appeared in some 40 films), and Nancy Kelly(appeared in roles in theater, in motion picture, and on television.)

By: Jenna Durbin

= =

**Music**
== In the 1930s most people listened to jazzy happy music to give them hope during the deprission. But the blues were also popular. The instruments you heard alot in music in the 30s were the piano, clarinet, saxaphone, and trumpet. A pretty intresting fact about music in the 1930s is that in 1936 The Star Spangled Banner was officially made our nations anthem, by President Herbert Hoover. One very famous blues singer in the 30s she sang into the 40s to, was Billie Holiday, she was nicknamed Lady Day by her friend and music partner Lester Young. Even though Holiday was a blues singer she did have some Jazz hits like "Easy Living" and "Strange Fruit". Another famous music artist in this time was Benny Goodman. He led one of the most famous Jazz bands in America. Some of Bennys nicknames were: King of Swing, The Professor, and Swings Senior States man. He also played the clarinet that being one of the most famous instruments in the 30s.

The Top Hits of The 1930's Were: 1. Happy Days Are Here Again -Ben Selvin 2. Puttin' On The Ritz -Harry Richman 3. Puttin' On The Ritz -Fred Astaire 4. Ten Cents A Dance -Ruth Etting 5. Three Little Words -Duke Ellington

//**Sources**// -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_in_music -http://library.thinkquest.org/5255/1930s/1930introduction.html -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Holiday -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Goodman


 * By Lauryn Elkins

Inventions** The 1930’s brought great change to the technological world. Some popular inventions were the radio. Since the TV was not yet invented the radio was the popular fad at the time. The radio was their TV; it did pretty much everything that the TV now does for us. The radio had comedy shows, news, live events, jazz, variety shows, drama, opera, and much more! FM Radio broadcasting was born by Edwin Armstrong.

The 1930’s was also the start of simple inventions for everyday use. These items included the ball point pen invented by George and Ladislo Biro, Carl Magee invented the parking meter, and tea bags were introduced and sold commercially, and baby food. Baby food has helped parents feed their babies nutrients. This helped, because the babies couldn't chew the hard food. Baby food was invented by three doctors in 1931. It was also invented to prevent Ricket, which is a caused by a lack of Vitamin D. This could be a crippling, child hood disease.

More Inventions include nylon. Nylon is used to make pantyhose, woman use pantyhose to make their legs look smoother. Today, there are numerous colors of nylons used for fashions. In 1934, Percy Shawe invented the road reflectors as well. This invention has been known to save numerous lives even today. They were first named, "cats eyes," because both reflect in the darkness. John Logie Baird commentated in the first black and white television production in 1936. Also, a lawyer named Chester Carlson invented the photocopier in 1938. However, it was not used in offices until the 1960's. Other inventions include the first game of monopoly, 1934, and instant coffee, nestle.

Inventions The Year Invented Inventors and Country ( or attributed to First Use )

1930
 * [|Scotch tape] patented by 3M engineer, Richard G. Drew.
 * The [|frozen food] process patented by Clarence Birdseye.
 * Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invent [|neoprene].
 * The "differential analyzer", or analog computer invented by Vannevar Bush at MIT in Boston.
 * Frank Whittle and Dr Hans von Ohain both invent a [|jet engine].

1931

 * [|Harold Edgerton] invented stop-action photography.
 * Germans Max Knott and Ernst Ruska co-invent the [|electron microscope].

1932

 * Polaroid photography invented by [|Edwin Herbert Land].
 * The zoom lens and the light meter invented.
 * Carl C. Magee invents the first [|parking meter].
 * Karl Jansky invents the radio telescope.

1933

 * Frequency modulation (FM radio) invented by [|Edwin Howard Armstrong].
 * Stereo records invented.
 * Richard M. Hollingshead builds a prototype [|drive-in movie theater] in his driveway.

1934

 * Englishmen, Percy Shaw invents [|cat eyes] or roads reflectors.
 * Charles Darrow claims he invented the game [|Monopoly.]
 * [|[link url=http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/Joseph_Begun.htmJoseph Begun]] invents the first tape recorder for broadcasting - first magnetic recording.

1935

 * [|Wallace Carothers] and DuPont Labs invent nylon.
 * The first canned [|beer] made.
 * Robert Watson-Watt patented [|radar].

1936

 * Bell Labs invents the voice recognition machine.
 * Samuel Colt patents the Colt revolver.

1937

 * Chester F. Carlson invents the [|photocopier].
 * The first [|jet engine] is built.

1938
The first working [|turboprop] engine.
 * The ballpoint pen invented by [|Ladislo Biro].
 * Strobe lighting invented.
 * [|LSD] was synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Laboratories.
 * Roy J. Plunkett invented tetrafluoroethylene polymers or [|Teflon].
 * Nescafe or [|freeze-dried coffee] invented.

1939
Sources [] [] [] []
 * Igor Sikorsky invents the first successful [|helicopter].
 * The [|electron microscope] invented.


 * By: Emily Blank**

ART & ARCHITECTURE: 

American Gothic - Grant Wood, 1930 The arts, like everything else in the 30's, were dominated by the //Great Depression//. In the 1930's this discipline was supported by government programs such as the [|Public Works of Art Project] and later the __ [|Federal Art Project] .__ The [|artists employed] by these projects chose themes based on //American culture and history//. The sculptor, [| **Gutzon Borglum**], was able to complete his [|**Mount Rushmore Memorial**]with funds supplied by the WPA. Other "starving artists" were able to survive the hard times by painting murals on the lobby walls of government buildings. There were some of these individuals who became artists such as [|**Jackson Pollock**]and [|**Willem de Kooning**] **.** In 1933 and 1934, during the period of __"The Great Depression,"__ the Federal government's //Public Works of Art Project (PWAP)// was organized by the //Civil Works Administration//. The general purpose of the program was "to give work to artists by arranging to have competent representatives of the profession embellish public buildings." This program lasted less than a year, yet it provided employment for about 3,700 artists who created nearly 15,000 works of art. In 1935, //Federal Art Project (FAP)// was established by the //Works Progress Administration (WPA)//. The Federal Art Project continued until 1943, when the beginning of World War 2 had changed economic priority to the war effort and the nation was experiencing economic recovery. This ended the first major era of government patronage for art in the United States.   “On the floor I am more at ease, I feel nearer, more a part of the painting, since this way I can walk around in it, work from the four sides and be literally `in' the painting. “ -- //Jason Pollock, 1947.// Jason Pollock an american painter, the commanding figure of the abstract expressionist movement. He began the era of the american regionist style. American Regionist Style Artists: -__ [|John Steuart Curry] ,__ __ - [|Thomas Hart Benton] ,- [|Georgia O'Keeffe] ____- Edward Hopper __.



“don’t think it’s unfair to say that there is no American architect who has ever lived who has done as much to touch the world, who has done as much to realize his vision of what a perfect architecture might be than Frank Lloyd Wright.”—//William Cronon//, Historian

Links: [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []  By: Janelle Dickens. 1930s fashion In the 1930s there was a return to a more genteel, ladylike appearance. Budding rounded busts and waistline curves were seen and hair became softer and prettier as hair perms improved. Foreheads which had been hidden by cloche hats were revealed and adorned with small plate shaped hats. Clothes were feminine, sweet and tidy by day with a return to real glamour at night. Skirts were frequently longer at the back than the front. Below the knee pleats and godets fell from panels so gave fullness at the hemline. The hemlines reached the bottom of the calf within a year. Some of the clothes were so stylish that they could be worn today. Part of their appeal was the draping fabric that was further enhanced by cutting fabrics on the true cross or the bias grain also quite fashionable at the start of the new millennium. You are reading an original '1930s – Stylish The new improved fabrics like rayon had several finishes and gave various effects exploited by designers eager to work with new materials. Cotton was also used by Chanel and suddenly it was considered more than a cheap fabric for work clothes. But nothing cut and looked like pure silk and it was still the best fabric to capture the folds and drapes of thirties couture. Fine wool crepes also moulded to the body and fell into beautiful godets and pleats. Health and fitness was an important aspect of thirties lifestyle. As sun worshipping became a common leisure pursuit fashion answered the needs of sun seekers by making chic outfits for the beach and its surrounds. Beach wraps, hold alls, soft hats and knitted bathing suits were all given the designer touch. Pyjamas introduced as informal dinner dress or nightwear for sleeping died quickly as fashions. However the third use of them as a practical beach outfit caught on and every woman made them an essential garment to pack. They were soon regarded as correct seaside wear. The trousers were sailor style, widely flared and flat fronted with buttons. They were made up in draping heavy crepe-de-chine. Blue and white tops or short jackets finished the holiday look. These are illustrated in **[|Sportswear Before 1960.]** In 1930 Prunella Stack started the Women's League Of Health And Beauty in Britain. The motto was 'Movement Is Life' and the League promoted the idea of a healthy mind and a healthy body. The League had thousands of members who put on huge displays in parks and other venues. Schiaparelli liked new things as well as new ideas. In 1933 she promoted the fastener we call the zip or zipper. The metal zip had been invented in 1893 and by 1917 it was somewhat timidly used for shoes, tobacco pouches and U.S. Navy windcheater jackets. Her use of the new plastic coloured zip in fashion clothes was both decorative, functional and highly novel. They soon became universally used and are now a very reliable form of fastening

By Ali Debert